3D intelligent laser sensor is a high-precision and high-speed sensor system widely used in automation, robot navigation, environmental monitoring and other fields. It is based onPrinciple of laser triangulationReal time acquisition of three-dimensional spatial information of the target object through the reflection interaction between the laser beam and the object. The following is the working principle and key elements of a 3D intelligent laser sensor based on laser triangulation:
1. Principle of laser triangulation
Laser Triangulation is a method of measuring the distance and surface shape of an object by irradiating it with a laser beam and utilizing the angle change of the reflected light. The working principle is roughly as follows:
laser emission：
Laser sensors emit a laser beam (usually infrared laser) onto the surface of an object.
Beam reflection：
After the laser beam hits the surface of an object, it will be reflected, and the reflected light will be received by the receiver of the sensor.
Change in angle of receiving light：
The sensor measures the angle change of reflected light through the principle of triangle geometry. This is because the angle of reflected light is related to the distance from the surface of the object, and the sensor calculates the distance of the object by using the angle change of the reflected light received.
Calculate the three-dimensional information of an object：
By using the optical system of the sensor, combined with the receiving angle of the reflected light and known geometric relationships, the precise position and shape of the object can be calculated. Based on multiple scans, three-dimensional data of the object surface can be obtained, which can then form point cloud data.
2. Key components
Laser emitterUsed for emitting laser beams, typically high-frequency infrared lasers with wavelengths ranging from a few hundred nanometers to 1.5 micrometers.
receiverUsed to receive reflected laser beams, usually a photodiode or similar photodetector. The accuracy of the receiver directly affects the measurement results.
Sensor calculation moduleCalculate the distance and three-dimensional coordinates of an object based on the angle of reflected light and the geometric settings of the sensor.
scanning systemUsed to scan the path of a laser beam, it can be scanned at different angles through rotation or other means to obtain more comprehensive three-dimensional data.
3. Advantages of 3D laser sensors
high-precisionDue to the use of laser triangulation, very accurate distance and surface shape measurements can be achieved, suitable for precision requirements at the micrometer level.
high speed response3D laser sensors can quickly scan and provide real-time feedback on the three-dimensional data of objects, making them suitable for applications in fast dynamic scenes such as robot navigation and autonomous driving.
non-contact measurementLaser sensors measure through the interaction between laser beams and objects without physical contact, making them suitable for measuring fragile or remote objects.
high resolutionLaser sensors can provide high-resolution spatial data, especially outstanding in detail scanning and surface defect detection.
4. Application Fields
Autonomous driving: 3D laser sensor is one of the core sensors of autonomous vehicle, which is used for environment perception, path planning and obstacle avoidance.
Robot navigationUsed for robot environment perception, helping robots recognize the three-dimensional structure of the surrounding environment and achieve precise navigation and positioning.
Industrial AutomationIn the production line, 3D laser sensors can be used for object size detection, surface defect detection, item classification, etc.
Architectural and topographic surveyingLaser triangulation is used for high-precision terrain scanning and building surveying, providing high-quality 3D point cloud data.
Medical ImagingUsed for high-precision 3D imaging to assist doctors in making detailed diagnoses of patients.
5. Challenges and Development Trends
Multi object recognition and separationIn complex environments, reflected light from multiple objects may intersect, affecting measurement accuracy. Developing more advanced algorithms to improve multi object recognition capability is currently the focus of research.
Large scale data processing3D point cloud data has a large volume and requires efficient data processing and analysis capabilities. With the advancement of processing technology, real-time data analysis and applications will become more popular.
low costWith the continuous advancement of technology, the cost of 3D laser sensors is gradually decreasing, and it is expected that more industries will achieve widespread application.
summarize
The 3D intelligent laser sensor is based on the principle of laser triangulation, which accurately obtains three-dimensional data of objects through laser emission, reflected light reception, and angle change calculation. This technology, with its high precision, high speed, and non-contact measurement method, has shown broad application prospects in fields such as autonomous driving, industrial inspection, and robot navigation.
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